2009 November | Receipt Scanner Store Featuring NeatReceipts, Fujitsu, Brother, Visioneer, Pentax, and More!

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Pentax Remote Release

Pentax Remote Release

Pentax Remote control Demo

Vivitar Wired Remote Shutter Release for Canon EOS 30/33/50/300/300D, Digital Rebel/350D, Rebel XT/400D, Rebel XTI/450D, Rebel XSI/550D, Rebel T2i/1000D, Rebel XS/60D, Contax N/Contax 645, Rebel T3, T3i/600D, Pentax K110D, K100D, K200D, K10D, K20D, K7, ist, DS, DS2, DL2, DL, D and Samsung GX-1S, GX-1L, GX-10, GX-20 DSLR Cameras

$3.99

Vivitar Wired Remote Shutter Release for Canon Pentax Samsung DSLR Cameras….

Remote Shutter Release for Canon Rebel XT, XTi, XSi, XS, T1i, EOS 1000D/450D/400D/350D/300D, Pentax Super/K100D/K110D/ *ist Ds2 / *ist D / *ist Ds / *ist / *ist DL, Samsung GX-20/GX-10/GX-1L GX-1S, + Many More!

$0.01

New Shutter Release Remote Control Cord for Canon Cameras

Remote Cord for Canon RS-60E3, 3 Feet (91cm), Black

It adds greater convenience and ease in many shooting situations
Easily plug this remote switch into your camera and turn your camera on
The release button reacts fast and fine.
Lock the button for long exposures or continuous shooting.
Two-stage release button: Halfway pressing fo…

Yongnuo RF-603 N3 2.4GHz Wireless Flash Trigger/Wireless Shutter Release Transceiver Kit for Nikon D90/D3100/D5000/D7000

$29.85

The brand new RF-603 is a remote shutter release as well as a multi-functional radio flash trigger which can synchronously trigger flashes and studio strobes. Through the transceiver based system each item can be used flexibly as trigger or receiver. Only 2 AAA batteries are required as power source for each item. The 2.4GHz wireless frequency is suitable in most countries and guarantees high spee…

Yongnuo RF-603 C3 2.4GHz Wireless Flash Trigger/Wireless Shutter Release Transceiver Kit for Canon 1D/5D/7D/50D/40D/30D/20D/10D Series

$32.99

The brand new RF-603 is a remote shutter release as well as a multi-functional radio flash trigger which can synchronously trigger flashes and studio strobes. Through the transceiver based system each item can be used flexibly as trigger or receiver. Only 2 AAA batteries are required as power source for each item.

The 2.4GHz wireless frequency is suitable in most countries and guarantees high spe…

Pentax Tamron

Pentax Tamron

Korg – Vertical slurry pump EVR-100R – Slurry Pump EHM manufacturer

Company history

Founded in 1962 in Japan by Tsutomu Kato and Tadashi Osanai, Korg was originally known as Keio Electronic Laboratories (?) because its fledgling offices were located near the Keio train line in Tokyo and Keio can be formed by combining the first letters of Kato and Osanai. Before founding the company, Kato ran a nightclub. Osanai, a Tokyo University graduate and noted accordionist, regularly performed at Kato’s club accompanied by a Wurlitzer Sideman rhythm machine. Unsatisfied with the rhythm machine, Osanai convinced Kato to finance his efforts to build a better one.

The company’s first product, released in 1963, was an electro-mechanical rhythm device called the Disc Rotary Electric Auto Rhythm machine Donca matic DA-20. Buoyed by the success of the DA-20, Keio released a solid-state version of the Rhythm machine, the Donca matic DE-20, in 1966.

In 1967, Kato was approached by Fumio Mieda, an engineer who wanted to build keyboards. Impressed with Mieda’s enthusiasm, Kato asked him to build a prototype and 18 months later Mieda returned with a programmable organ. Keio sold the organ under the name Korg, made from combining keio with organ.

Keio’s organ products were successful throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s but, concerned about the competition from other big organ manufacturers, Kato decided to use the organ technology to build a keyboard for the then-niche synthesizer market. Keio’s first synthesizer, the MiniKorg, was thus released in 1973.

Following on the success of the Mini-Korg, Keio released a number of budget-minded synthesizers throughout the 1970s and 1980s under the name Korg.

Korg subsequently branched out into the music recording and electric guitar effects market, with some success.

Yamaha Corporation has always been a major partner of Korg, supplying them with circuitry and mechanical parts. In 1987, shortly before the release of the M1 Music Workstation, Yamaha acquired a controlling interest in Korg’s stock. The takeover of the company was amicable, with Kato drawing up the terms, and the two companies continued to independently develop their product lines and compete in the marketplace. After the following 5 very successful years, Kato had enough money to rebuy most of the Yamaha share back in 1993.

Timeline of major products

1963 – Donca-Matic DA-20

1966 – Donca-Matic DE-20

1973 – Korg Mini-Korg 700

1975 – Korg 900PS

1975 – Korg WT-10: World’s first hand-held electronic tuner

1975 – Korg Maxi-Korg 800DV

1977 – Korg PS-3100, PS-3300

1978 – Korg MS-10/MS-20, PS-3200

1978 – Korg VC-10 Vocoder

1979 – Korg M-500 Micro Preset

1979 – Korg CX-3: One of the first and most authentic Hammond B-3 clones ever produced.

1980 – Korg MP-4 Mono/Poly

1981 – Korg Polysix

Poly-61

1983 – Korg Poly-61: The successor of the Polysix with digitally-controlled analog oscillators; Korg’s first “knobless” synthesizer

1983 – Korg Poly-800: First fully programmable synthesizer that sold for less than $1000, notable for using digitally-controlled analog oscillators and sharing a single filter for all 8 voices

1983 – Korg SAS-20: The SAS-20 was Korg first arranger keyboard. A built-in computer analyzed the melody played on the keyboard, and generated a complex accompaniment. This was the world first auto-accompaniment function of this kind added to a keyboard. Also, a more traditional chord recognition system was included.

1985 – Korg DW-8000: 8-voice polyphonic, user selected two digital waveforms out of 16 total. Used an analog filter.

1985 – SuperDrums and SuperPercussion: Low-cost digital drum machines

1986 – Korg DSS-1: Korg’s first sampling keyboard. Offered additive synthesis, waveform drawing and effects, with an analog filter and some similarities to the DW-8000.

1986 – Korg DS-8: Expandable FM synthesizer

1988 – Korg M1: PCM rompler with built-in effects and sequencer, the M1 introduced many to the concept of a Music Workstation, a keyboard that could handle live performance, MIDI, sequencing, expandable sound banks, effects, and more in a single package.

1989 – Korg T series (T1/T2/T3): Some improvements over the M1 with added features.

1990 – Korg Wavestation: Vector synthesis and Wave Sequencing

1991 – Korg O1/W: PCM rompler with more waveforms and effects than the M1

1991 – Korg Wavestation EX

1991 – Korg Wavestation A/D

1992 – Korg Wavestation SR

1993 – Korg X3 / Korg X2 / Korg X3R: Music Workstation

1993 – Korg i3 Interactive Music Workstation: Korg introduced its first professional arranger in 1993 with the i3 model, which proved to be the first in a huge series of Korg ‘interactive’ products. Until that time the auto-accompaniment keyboards were designed primarily for home use, but i3 changed that. Its tone generator was an AI2 engine coming from the renowned Korg synths, which made it a perfectly usable ‘pro’ keyboard. Once again, a Korg keyboard succeeded because of the quality of its factory voicing. It also retained a multitrack MIDI sequencer, Styles and Arrangements that allowed players to use it as a band-in-a-box or compositional tool, improved chord recognition with a big graphical display, a joystick and analog volume controls for each accompaniment section. A new Backing Sequence feature provided also for easy creation of new songs based on styles.

1994 – Korg X5

1994 – Korg i2: Korg introduced the i2, an i3 “on-steroids” with a 76-note keyboard and a new Piano sound.

1995 – Korg i1: In 1995 a further improved version of i3 was introduced: the Korg i1, that included an 88-note weighted keyboard, a huge piano sample, and built-in speakers. Other features were similar to the i3, even if new styles were added.

1995 – Korg i4S: The i4S (where “S” stays for “Speakers”). This keyboard was something like an i3 with speakers, but with a smaller feature set.

1995 – Korg i5S: The i5S was a scaled-down version of the i4S, with a plastic chassis and a reduced set of features. Some new sounds and styles were added.

1995 – Korg i5M: A module called i5M was also introduced, with specifications similar to the i5S, but with no amplification and, obviously, no keyboard and joystick. This product was really appreciated by accordionists, happy to discover at its heart some added traditional styles and sounds (shared with the i5S).

1995 – Korg ih: In 1995, singers also welcomed the “ih Interactive Vocal Harmony”, that allowed for creation of vocal harmonizations, starting from chords played live in Style mode, or recorded in a Song’s track. This unit is still a best-seller on the second-hand market, thanks to its excellent price/quality ratio.

1996 – Korg Prophecy: One of the first successful virtual analog synthesizers

1996 – Korg Trinity: The most important workstation release since the M1 almost 10 years earlier.

1996 – Korg N364/264: Introduced RPPR

1996 – Korg X5D

1997 – Korg Z1: Providing a new technology: MOSS (Multi-Oscillator Synthesis System)

1997 – Korg iX300: The iX300 Interactive Music Workstation was introduced, back to a unit without speakers but offering new sounds and more than 100 styles.

1998 – Korg iS40: iS40 included new sounds (among them, a gorgeous stereo piano sample), new styles (128), and several new features. One of the most appreciated new features, Keyboard Sets, allowed for immediate recalling of keyboard track settings.

1998 – Korg iS50: iS50 was the low cost version of iS40, lacking just a minor number of features from its bigger sibling.

1998 – Korg i30: The i30 Interactive Music Workstation was introduced, claiming to be the first arranger featuring a Touch Screen Display. This model was speakerless, 64 notes of polyphony, and included some more sounds compared to the iS40.

1998 – Korg N1/N5: The N1/N5 was introduced as a low cost workstation-keyboard version of the Korg NS-5R sound module. The N5′s key feature was its weighted keys.

1999 – Korg Triton: Successor to the Korg Trinity. Korg’s greatest selling keyboard to date. Korg’s first keyboard to offer sampling since the DSS-1 from 1986.

1999 – Korg Kaoss Pad, Electribe dance synthesizers

1999 – Korg i40M: Korg introduced a successor to the i5M: the i40M module. Specifications were similar to the iS40 (obviously, with no keyboard or joystick), but included a Vocal Harmonizer as standard. Furthermore, the module included 3 different pre-programmed MIDI setups, to make connection with various accordions even easier.

1999 – Korg iS35: iS35 was a new version of the iS40, featuring the same specifications, and adding a Vocal Harmonizer as standard.

1999 – Korg iS50B: iS50B boasted the same specs as the iS50, but in a Dark Blue chassis.

2000 – Korg CX-3: Not to be confused with Korg’s CX-3 from 1979. This digital modeling organ added MIDI and many new features.

2000 – Korg MS-2000

2000 – Korg Pa80: A new range of arranger from Korg was introduced in year 2000: the Pa Series. Pa80 was the first model introduced in December 2000 with a stunning sound inherited from the award-winning, Triton, a wide selection of highly-musical Styles made by some of the best musicians in the world, a Multitasking Operating System and a revolutionary Dual Sequencer design. This new keyboard brought the benefits of Korg’s stunning songwriting and music production/performance to a whole new generation of musicians.

2001 – Korg KARMA featuring a form of arpeggiator more elastic and musical than previous forms

Korg KARMA

2001 – Korg Triton Studio featuring an onboard cdr drive

2002 – Korg Pa60: The new Pa60 Professional Arranger was introduced. Apart from fewer features like sampling and Harmony Board compatibility, it is same instrument as the “top-of-the-range” Pa80.

2002 – Korg MicroKorg: A portable version of the MS-2000 synthesizer

2002 – Korg Triton LE

2003 – Korg Pa1X Pro: During this year, a new line of professional arrangers debuted, starting from the flagship – the Pa1X Pro Professional Arranger. Including some ot the most advanced technologies available in the musical instrument world, it marked the return of Korg to the speakerless, studio-oriented interactive composer type of arrangers. It also marked the beginning of a factive cooperation with the renowned studio gear manufacturer TC-Electronic.

2003 – Korg MS-2000B: new version of the MS-2000 synthesizer with updated sound set, black metallic color scheme and dedicated vocoder mic; Korg MS-2000BR: rack-mount version

2003 – Korg microKONTROL: portable MIDI keyboard controller

2004 – Korg Legacy Collection: Includes software emulations of three famous Korg synthesizers: the MS-20, Polysix, and the Wavestation

2004 – Korg Pa1X: Short after the launch of the Pa1X Pro, the Pa1X Professional Arrangers was introduced. This is the speaker-fitted, shorter-scale version of the Pa1X.

2004 – Korg Pa50: After the top-of-the line, ultra-luxury Pa1X Pro, Korg release its most inexpensive arranger ever – the Pa50 Professional Arrangers. Despite the low purchasing price, it boasted most of the same features of the revered Pa60, making it a true bargain.

2004 – Korg KAOSS Pad KP2, an improved re-release of the original KAOSS Pad, is released.

2004 – Korg Triton Extreme: An updated version of the Triton is released to a highly-anticipating public. It boasts many new features. Most notable is the Valve Force circuity, the integration of a 12AU7 tube into the workstation. Nicknamed “Russian Bullet,” these tubes are rumored to last a minimum of 10 years. Another notable feature is the drastically increased ROM size: 160 MB, featuring 32 Megs of all new acoustic samples.

2005 – Korg OASYS (Open Architecture Synthesis Studio workstation)

2006 – Korg TR: enhanced Triton Le music workstation

2006 – Korg RADIAS massive re-tooling of the Korg MS-2000B analog-style synthesizer

2006 – Korg PadKontrol drum-trigger style MIDI controller

Korg D888 digital recorder

2006 – Korg D888 8-track digital recorder

2006 – Korg KAOSS Pad 3

2006 – Korg MicroX compact X50, half sounds from the TR, half new, with the X50′s software capability

2006 – Korg X50 A stripped-down Korg TR with no sequencer but a software-linking editor librarian

2006 – Korg Pa 800 Successor of the award winning Pa 80, but boosted with features like in the Pa1X Pro

2007 – Korg M3 newest flagship workstation, diverging from the famous Korg Triton line, often called a “mini-Korg OASYS”

2007 – Korg R3 A portable version of the RADIAS synthesizer.

2007 – Korg mini-KP – At 4.25″ x 4.5″, this smallest installment of the KAOSS series products packs all the punch of its larger brethren and offers both battery and AC power.

2007 – Korg ZERO Mixers – Console style (Zero8) and DJ style (Zero4) mixers. Each incorporate a multi-channel FireWire audio interface and full DSP with a customizable MIDI control surface. Interfacing and performing with all types of software become seamless. Both mixers have received Traktor Scratch Certification.

2007 – Korg KM Mixers – KM202 and KM402 are Korg’s 2 and 4 channel DJ Mixers. They feature the full Korg MiniKP interface and effects, which can be applied to selected channels. 8 different EQ models (including full cut isolator), selectable by a large dial on the panel, are another unique offering.

2007 – Korg Kaossilator – Extremely compact dynamic phrase synthesizer which features 100 programs including acoustic, percussion, and electronic sounds, a gate arpeggiator, 31 scale types ranging from Chromatic and Blues to Egyptian and Gypsy, and an 8 layer 8-step sequencer for producing loop-based music. Following in the footsteps of Korg’s KP technology, it features a touch pad where the horizontal axis varies in pitch and the vertical in tone. Released January 2008 in the US.

2007 – Korg Pa2X Pro – Improving on the almost perfect Pa1X Pro/Elite was a difficult challenge, that Korg faced with the usual, savvy sense of adventure. The result was the Pa2X Pro: the same solid feel of the predecessor, with an all new and innovative design, and the same sound technology advances introduced in Pa800 just a few months before.The Double MP3 Player/Recorder (optional in Pa800) was standard, and it was a shock: no more practical differences between SMF files and MP3 audio files. Slowing down and transposing MP3 files was the ordinary Korg extraordinary. Pa2X Pro clearly aimed at the professional musician, due to its improved 76 keybed, tiltable touch screen, phantom power, balanced in/out, digital audio output and internal clock.

Toneworks-Guitar Effects and processors

AX10A – Modeling Signal Processor for Acoustic Guitar

AX1500G – Modeling Signal Processor for Guitar

AX3000B – Modeling Signal Processor for Bass

AX3000G – Modeling Signal Processor for Guitar

AX3A – Modeling Signal Processor

AX3B – Modeling Signal Processor

AX3G – Modeling Signal Processor

AX5B – Modeling Signal Processor for Bass

AX5G – Modeling Signal Processor for Guitar

PX4A – Pandora: Acoustic Personal Multi-Effect Processor

PX4D – Pandora: Personal Multi-Effect Processor

2008 – Korg DS-10 – Music program for the Nintendo DS.

2008 – Korg M50 – Music workstation

2008 – Korg Nano Series – Slim-line controllers (nanoPad, nanoKey and nanoKontrol)

2008 – Korg Pa500 – After the renewal of the top-of-the-line model, this year saw a renewal of the entry-level model. After the incredible success of Pa50, the Pa500 made its appearance, considerably improving in the interface design. A modern, stylish case, with a die-hard core – the same of the Pa2X and Pa800 for an incredible price. This model was made available also in different localizations, to fit any particular musical taste and tradition.

2008 – Korg pa588 – During year 2008, Korg introduced Pa588, a cross-over of an arranger (the acclaimed Pa500) and a digital stage piano, with the 88-note graded-weighted RH3 keyboard, built-in speakers, and a beautiful piano sample. Great on stage, it is supplied with its own piano stand; compatibility with the Pa-Series makes it a perfect home-entertainment machine.

2009 – Korg microKORG XL – An updated microKORG featuring the MMT (Multi Modeling Technology) sound engine as well as effects processors from their KAOSS line products.

2009 – Korg microSampler – A mini key dedicated sampler.

2009 – Korg SV-1 – Retro looking stage piano – available in 73 or 88 key versions.

2009 – Korg Kaossilator Pro – An updated version of the K0-1, including external sampling, midi control, sd card and USB support contained in a bulkier, KP3-esque chassis.

Pentax Camera Charger

Pentax Camera Charger

5 Tips for Conserving Camera Digital Battery Power

Tip 1: Keep LCD Use to a Minimum

The part of your digital camera that uses up the most power is without a doubt the LCD screen. Every time you open up this digital display you are presented with a view of what the camera sees in real-time, meaning that the display has to be refreshed multiple times every second to show you a fluent-moving picture. Keeping usage of the LCD screen to a minimum will definitely help a freshly charged battery last much longer!

Tip 2: Manage Photos While Your Camera Digital Batteries Charge

Another easy way to cut down on the amount of power drained from your Camera Digital batteries is to wait until you can plug your camera into an AC adapter before you start to manage your photos. This is an important tip to remember – you may enjoy cropping, deleting, and viewing your photos on the go, but it will leave you with much less power to take photos if you do so.

Tip 3: Try Not to Use the Memory Card

This tip goes hand in hand with the previous one, but also plays an important factor in keeping enough juice in your Camera Digital batteries to take those important photos! It uses up a lot of power every time that you access the memory card, so keep this in mind before reviewing every photo that you take while relying solely on battery power.

Tip 4: Don’t Mix Different Types of Batteries

Keeping the same types of Camera Digital batteries together can help to conserve power in digital cameras as well as most other battery-powered devices. This is mostly because the performance of older batteries will not be as good as newer ones, and they will drain much faster. Another important reason to remember this tip is that mixing different types of batteries can be dangerous – the batteries can become damaged and even leak, which in turn could end up damaging your digital camera.

Tip 5: Let Camera Batteries Run Out

Letting Camera Digital batteries completely run out of power before recharging them can help them to last longer as well as increase their performance. Something that people tend to forget is that just because your batteries aren’t holding enough energy to run your camera it doesn’t mean that they are entirely empty of power. You can make sure that your batteries are as empty as possible before recharging them by leaving them in an old radio or a flashlight that is turned on until they run down.

Conclusion

Hopefully this article has offered you some new suggestions to help you conserve digital camera battery power. It may first seem annoying to not immediately review all of your photos as you take them, but after a while you will most likely find that you get more photos taken this way, and using this in combination with some of the other tips will help you become more efficient at using your digital camera!

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Battery Charger Kit K-BC109

$29.99

The BC109 battery charger kit charges the Pentax D-LI109 battery. Please check your user’s manual for specific compatibility information. This kit includes the charge cradle for the battery as well as the AC plug cord to connect it to a wall outlet….

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Ultralast UL-NP60 Camcorder/Digital Camera Battery Equivalent to Fuji NP-60

$0.01

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Pentax DL17 Battery for Optio Series Digital Cameras (Retail Packaging)

$34.99

Extra or replacement lithium-ion battery for the PENTAX Optio 450 & 550 Digital Cameras…

USB Type A Male to Micro 8-Pin Male Cable

$0.01

USB Type A Male to Micro 8-Pin Male Cable…

USB Cable For Fuji FinePix J15fd/J20/J25/J30/J38/J50 & More!

$0.01

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Cables To Go 12346 Ultima USB Cable for Nikon Coolpix Cameras (2m, Black)

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Nikon EN-EL10 AC / DC Replacement Battery Charger Set for Nikon CoolPix S200 / S210 / S220 / S230 / S3000 / S4000 / S500 / S510 / S520 / S570 / S60 / S600 / S660 / S700 Digital SLR Camera

$1.65

Nikon EN-EL10 AC / DC Replacement Battery Charger Set for Nikon CoolPix S200 / S210 / S220 / S230 / S3000 / S4000 / S500 / S510 / S520 / S570 / S60 / S600 / S660 / S700 Digital SLR Camera…

Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS3 12.1 MP Rugged/Waterproof Digital Camera with 4.6x Wide Angle Optical Image Stabilized Zoom and 2.7-Inch LCD (Orange)

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Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS3 12.1 Megapixel Compact Camera – 4.90 mm-22.80 mm – Orange DMC-TS3D Digital Cameras…

Kodak KLIC-7004 / Fuji Np-50 / Pentax DL-I68 Compatible Li-Ion Battery

$0.01

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Fujitsu Amilo Li3910

Fujitsu Amilo Li3910

Fujitsu Siemens Amilo Li3910

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Pentax 60-135

Pentax 60-135

Top Rated Digital Cameras Review

When you are looking to invest a good bit of money in a digital camera, you want to know that you are getting the best quality that you can. This is why it is important to look at digital camera ratings before you buy. Here is a look at a few of the top digital cameras so that you can get an idea of which model will best suit your needs.

Nikon D80 Camera:
Nikon is a very trusted name in the world of cameras. They produce many top digital cameras and the D80 is one of them. It has 10.2 megapixels for high resolution pictures. There is a 2.5″ LCD for easy viewing, and you can edit your photos right on the camera.

It has a built in diopter so that you can view images clearly. It is very quick to power up and is ready to shoot in .18 seconds. It has a maximum shutter speed of 1/4000 per 30 seconds and a flash sync of up to 1/200 seconds. It has an 11 area auto focus and 7 different settings.

The D80 has a USB 2.0 interface with direct print capability with any printer that is compatible with PictBridge. This way you can print out your pictures without loading them into your computer first. It has a self timer, 6 manual white balance modes, 6 flash modes to ensure the perfect shot.

There are so many options on this camera is it impossible to list them all. The Nikon D80 is a top digital camera with a price tag of around $900.

Olympus E-330 Camera:
The Olympus E-330 boasts 7.5 megapixels. It has an optical zoom of 3.2x, but no digital zoom. It’s 2.5″ color LCD makes viewing your pictures a breeze with it’s histogram display and image rotation feature.

It does not feature face detection, but it does have image stabilization to help with hand shake. It has a shutter speed of 1/4000 per 60 seconds. It has 5 different flash modes and 5 white balance modes. There is no movie mode, but it does have an auto timer. It also has many scene and exposure modes.

There are many extras on this camera. The digital camera ratings for the Olympus E-330 are positive, however some users find it costly to purchase additional accessories. This camera will set you back about $1,000.

Pentax K10D Camera:
The Pentax K10D is a top digital camera that packs 10.2 megapixels in it’s 1.8 pound frame. It has a 35mm lens with 3x optical zoom. As with many other top digital cameras it features a 2.5″ color LCD with histogram display and image rotation. I

The K10D has an optical pentaprism viewfinder and features image stabilization. It does not have face recognition. It is compatible with SD and SDHC memory cards. It has a shutter speed of 1/4000 per 30 seconds. It has 4 white balance modes and 5 flash modes.

The consumer digital camera reviews on this product were unanimously positive. The Pentax K10D camera is priced around $900.

About the Author

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digital photography

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Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS UD Standard Zoom Lens for Canon Digital SLR Cameras

Sigma 150-500mm f/5-6.3 AF APO DG OS HSM Telephoto Zoom Lens for Nikon Digital SLR Cameras

$1,069.00

This ultra-telephoto zoom lens covers a telephoto range up to 500mm and allows photographers to bring the subject close and short perspective. Sigma’s original OS (Optical Stabilizer) function offers the use of shutter speeds approximately 4 stops slower. It is ideal for sports, wildlife and landscape photography with handheld shooting. Three SLD (Special Low Dispersion) glass elements provide exc…

Pentax SMC DA* Series 50-135mm f/2.8 ED IF SDM Telephoto Zoom Lens for Pentax and Digital SLR Cameras

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Pentax SMC DA* Series 50-135mm f/2.8 ED IF SDM Telephoto Zoom Lens for Pentax and Digital SLR Cameras…

Tamrac 5258 CyberPack 8 Photo/Computer Digital SLR Camera Backpack (Black) + Tripod + Accessory Kit for Canon Rebel T3, T3i, T1i, T2i, EOS 60D, 5D, 7D, Nikon D3000, D3100, D5000, D5100, D7000, D300s, Olympus Evolt E-5, E-30, E-620 & Sony Alpha A560, A580, A33, A35, A55

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Tamrac 5256 CyberPack 6 Photo/Computer Digital SLR Camera Backpack (Black) + Tripod + Accessory Kit for Canon Rebel T3, T3i, T1i, T2i, EOS 60D, 5D, 7D, Nikon D3000, D3100, D5000, D5100, D7000, D300s, Olympus Evolt E-5, E-30, E-620 & Sony Alpha A560, A580, A33, A35, A55

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Kit includes: &diams; 1) Tamrac 5256 CyberPack 8 Backpack &diams; 2) Precision Design Deluxe Camera Tripod with Carrying Case &diams; 3) Precision Design Deluxe 6-Piece Lens & Digital SLR Camera Cleaning Kit The CyberPack 6 backpack is perfect for the imaging professional carrying a laptop and 35mm or digital SLR equipment. The main compartment is completely foam padded and large enough to carry…

Pentax Film

Pentax Film

Your Old Digital Camera Might Be Repairable For Free Under Recall

If you are like one of an estimated 75 million owners of a digital camera, at some point in time, your camera will more than likely develop one or more problems and would be in need of digital camera repair. Common problems include cracked LCDs, broken battery doors, jammed lenses or board level problems.

There are a set of digital camera models however, that develop their own unique problems, all stemming back to a batch of defective CCDs that Sony produced and used in these camera models.

What’s the big deal with the faulty CCD? Well Sony produced a series of CCDs for various digital cameras between the years of 2003 and 2005, for at least 20 different models. And in higher heat and humidity conditions, the CCDs would begin to fail, producing some crazy looking images or causing a black screen to show on your camera.

Here is a list of all the bad Sony CCD models that I can find right now, as I find more, I will add them to the list.

Canon Digital Cameras & Camcorders

* PowerShot A60
* PowerShot A70
* PowerShot A75
* PowerShot A300
* PowerShot A310
* PowerShot S230 Digital ELPH / Digital IXUS V3 / IXY D320
* PowerShot SD100 Digital ELPH / Digital IXUS II / IXY Digital 30
* PowerShot SD110 Digital ELPH / Digital IXUS IIs / IXY Digital 30a
* PowerShot A40
* PowerShot A80
* PowerShot A85
* PowerShot A95
* PowerShot S1 IS
* PowerShot S60
* PowerShot S200 DIGITAL ELPH / DIGITAL IXUS V2 / IXY DIGITAL 200a
* PowerShot S330 DIGITAL ELPH / DIGITAL IXUS 330 / IXY DIGITAL 300a
* PowerShot S400 DIGITAL ELPH / DIGITAL IXUS 400 / IXY DIGITAL 400
* PowerShot S410 DIGITAL ELPH / DIGITAL IXUS 430 / IXY DIGITAL 450
* PowerShot S500 DIGITAL ELPH / DIGITAL IXUS 500 / IXY DIGITAL 500 (including White Limited version)

* MV600i
* MV630i
* MV650i
* MV700i
* MV730i
* MV750i
* MV5i
* MV5i MC
* MV6i MC
* ZR60
* ZR65 MC
* ZR70 MC
* ZR80
* ZR85
* ZR90
* Elura 40 MC
* Elura 50

The Canon support website holds no forms or other needed documents, so you can save yourself some time (if you live in the US or Puerto Rico) by just calling the Canon Customer Support line at 1-800-828-4040. Support hours are Monday-Friday 8am to 12 midnight, and Saturday from 10am-8pm. (All times EST.) Alternately, you can send email to: carecenter@cits.canon.com.

Fujifilm Digital Cameras

Model Serial Number Range(s)

• FinePix A303 3JA4**** to 3JA5****
• FinePix F410 32A1****, 32A6**** to 32A7****, 32A9****
• FinePix F700 33A0****, 34A1****
• FinePix S2 Pro 31A127** to 31A143**, 32A000** to 32A039**, 33A000** to 33A007**, 34A000** to 34A004**

Serial numbers can be found on the bottom of the cameras. From the Fuji service advisor, the following applies to US customers:

IF SERVICE IS NEEDED:
Package the camera carefully using ample padded material to prevent damage in transit. Include your name, address and phone number with the shipment as well as a general description of the problem. Keep a record of the camera’s serial number and shipment tracking number. Ship your camera to the Fuji Service Center noted below:

Fuji Photo Film U.S.A., Inc.
1100 King George Post Rd.
Edison, NJ 08837
Attn: Camera Repair Dept./CCD Advisory

Konica Minolta Digital Cameras

* DiMAGE A1
* DiMAGE 7i
* DiMAGE 7Hi
* DiMAGE Xi
* DiMAGE Xt
* DiMAGE X20
* DiMAGE S414
* DiMAGE F300

Note: Sony has since taken over servicing of Konica-Minolta digital cameras. Sony’s customer support website now lists the affected Konica-Minolta models along with a troubleshooting guide and repair request form.

Kyocera Digital Cameras

* Finecam S3L
* Finecam S5
* Finecam S5R
* Contax TVs

Additional digital cameras added since the original 2005 service advisory by Kyocera include the following:

* Finecam M400R
* Finecam M410R
* Finecam SL400R

At this time, both announcements only seem to cover the Japanese domestic market. We’ve yet to see any announcement from Kyocera in other markets, and would advise customers who have experienced the problem to contact their local Kyocera office to determine whether their camera may be covered under warranty. For customers in Japan, instructions on how to seek repair of the covered digicams can be found in the Japanese-language service advisory.

Leica and Panasonic Digital Cameras

* Leica DIGILUX 2
* Panasonic Lumix DMC-LC1

In December 2006, we told readers about a warranty extension for Leica’s DIGILUX 2 digital camera, covering problems with the CCD image sensor. Given that the Leica DIGILUX 2 is a variant of Panasonic’s Lumix DMC-LC1 design, it isn’t surprising to find that some LC1 digicams can suffer from the same problem.

Panasonic Canada have published a notice on their customer support page indicating a limited number of 2004 model DMC-LC1 digital cameras within a specific range of serial numbers are affected. The serial number ranges are A4SYxxxxx and G4SYxxxxx. Canadian customers are asked to call Panasonic Canada’s toll-free call center number at 1-800-561-5505 for assistance in arranging a free repair.

Nikon Digital Cameras

* Coolpix SQ
* Coolpix 3100
* Coolpix 5700
* Coolpix 3500
* Coolpix 4500
* Coolpix 5000
* Coolpix 5400

There’s a button on the Nikon USA Photography home page, labeled “Coolpix Service Advisory: 3100-5700-SQ-5400-4500-5000-3500″ that displays information in a popup window. Here’s a link to it in a standalone window: Coolpix Service Advisory. Here are links to other pages from the Nikon site, namely the Coolpix Advisory FAQs, and the Service Advisory Product Return Form.

Olympus Digital Cameras

* Camedia C-5050 Zoom
* Camedia C-730 Ultra Zoom

Olympus is distinguishing themselves by offering to repair affected cameras, even if they aren’t displaying the problem yet. Their free repair policy is extended for up to four years from the original purchase date. They do ask that, if your camera is currently operating properly, you hold off on sending it in until after January 2006, due to the high volume of repair business during the holiday season. To determine if your camera is affected, call Olympus repair at 888-553-4448, Monday-Friday, 8am -10pm EST, or email to customersupport@olympus.com.

Pentax Digital Cameras

* Optio 330RS
* Optio 330GS
* Optio 33L
* Optio 43WR
* Optio 550
* Optio 555

Pentax USA have published a brief note on their Customer Care & Support homepage which refers customers to a separate PDF file for further information. This document pledges repair of the problem free of charge, regardless of warranty status, as long as the camera doesn’t have other symptoms not described as part of the problem.

PENTAX Service Department
12000 Zuni Street – Suite 100B
Westminster CO 80234

We couldn’t find any details regarding the duration of the free repair offer, nor of serial numbers affected. We suggest you simply contact Pentax for clarification of these points.

Ricoh Digital Cameras

* Caplio RR30
* Caplio 300G
* Caplio G3
* Caplio G3 model M
* Caplio G3 model S
* Caplio ProG3
* Caplio G4
* Caplio G4 wide
* Caplio 400G wide
* Caplio RX

Ricoh US support took a little digging to track down. Ricoh Global issued the service advisory itself. Service centers for various regions US, Canada, and South American service for Ricoh cameras is handled by:

C.R.I.S. Camera Services
Phone: 800-22 RICOH
Fax: 480-940-1329
www.criscam.com
Email:

We couldn’t find any details regarding the duration of the free repair offer, nor of serial numbers affected. We suggest you simply contact C.R.I.S Camera Services directly to learn how to proceed.

Sony Digital Cameras Camcorders

* Cyber-shot DSC-F717
* Cyber-shot DSC-P10
* Cyber-shot DSC-P12
* Cyber-shot DSC-P2
* Cyber-shot DSC-P31
* Cyber-shot DSC-P32
* Cyber-shot DSC-P51
* Cyber-shot DSC-P52
* Cyber-shot DSC-P7
* Cyber-shot DSC-P71
* Cyber-shot DSC-P72
* Cyber-shot DSC-P8
* Cyber-shot DSC-P92
* Cyber-shot DSC-U10
* Cyber-shot DSC-U20
* Cyber-shot DSC-U30
* Cyber-shot DSC-U60
* Cyber-shot DSC-V1
* CD Mavica MVC-CD250
* CD Mavica MVC-CD400
* CD Mavica MVC-CD500
* FD Mavica MVC-FD100
* FD Mavica MVC-FD200

* Cyber-shot DSC-F88
* Cyber-shot DSC-M1
* Cyber-shot DSC-T1
* Cyber-shot DSC-T11
* Cyber-shot DSC-T3
* Cyber-shot DSC-T33
* Cyber-shot DSC-U40
* Cyber-shot DSC-U50

* CCD-TRV107E
* CCD-TRV118
* CCD-TRV128
* CCD-TRV218E
* CCD-TRV228
* CCD-TRV228E
* CCD-TRV318
* CCD-TRV328
* CCD-TRV418
* CCD-TRV418E
* CCD-TRV428
* CCD-TRV428E

Camcorders, DCR-DVD models

* DCR-DVD100
* DCR-DVD100E
* DCR-DVD101
* DCR-DVD101E
* DCR-DVD200
* DCR-DVD200E
* DCR-DVD300
* DCR-DVD91E

Camcorders, DCR-TRV models Camcorders

* DCR-TRV147E
* DCR-TRV14E
* DCR-TRV16
* DCR-TRV16E
* DCR-TRV18
* DCR-TRV18E
* DCR-TRV19
* DCR-TRV19E
* DCR-TRV22
* DCR-TRV22E
* DCR-TRV240E
* DCR-TRV24E
* DCR-TRV25
* DCR-TRV250
* DCR-TRV250E
* DCR-TRV255E
* DCR-TRV25E
* DCR-TRV260
* DCR-TRV265
* DCR-TRV265E
* DCR-TRV27
* DCR-TRV27E
* DCR-TRV33
* DCR-TRV33E
* DCR-TRV340
* DCR-TRV340E
* DCR-TRV361
* DCR-TRV38
* DCR-TRV38E
* DCR-TRV39
* DCR-TRV40
* DCR-TRV40E
* DCR-TRV460
* DCR-TRV460E
* DCR-TRV461E
* DCR-TRV50
* DCR-TRV50E
* DCR-TRV740
* DCR-TRV740E
* DCR-TRV840
* DCR-TRV940
* DCR-TRV940E
* DCR-TRV950
* DCR-TRV950E

DCR-IP models

* DCR-IP45
* DCR-IP45E
* DCR-IP5
* DCR-IP55
* DCR-IP55E
* DCR-IP5E
* DCR-IP7E

Camcorders, DCR-PC models

* DCR-PC101
* DCR-PC101E
* DCR-PC103E
* DCR-PC104E
* DCR-PC105
* DCR-PC105E
* DCR-PC106E
* DCR-PC107E
* DCR-PC108
* DCR-PC108E
* DCR-PC115
* DCR-PC115E
* DCR-PC120
* DCR-PC120E

Camcorders, DCR-VX models

* DCR-VX2000
* DCR-VX2000E
* DCR-VX2100
* DCR-VX2100E

Camcorders, DCR-HC models

* DCR-HC14E
* DCR-HC15
* DCR-HC15E
* DCR-HC16E
* DCR-HC18E
* DCR-HC20
* DCR-HC20E
* DCR-HC30
* DCR-HC30E

CLIE Handheld Computer Models Professional Camcorders
(DVCAM format)

* PEG-NZ90/G
* PEG-NZ90/H

* DSR-250 & DSR-250/P
* DSR-PD150 & DSR-PD150P
* DSR-PD170 & DSR-PD170P
* DSR-PDX10 & DSR-PDX10P

As Sony is the original sensor manufacturer for all of the other manufacturers’ products listed above (and given the vast array of products that they manufacture themselves) it should come as no great surprise that Sony has by far, the greatest number of affected products. This should not be taken as indicating any inherent deficiency in Sony products beyond the now discontinued sensors involved.

No service forms or mailing addresses are provided on the Sony US site. Rather, owners are instructed to contact the Sony Customer Information Services Center for further assistance at 1-866-703-7669.

I hope you are able to get your camera repair for free! Good luck, and let me know if you do!

Thomas Drayton

About the Author

I own a
digital camera repair and DIY parts
business in the St. Paul MN area: www.darntoothysam.com

Pentax K10D

$24.95

…

Pentax K100D

$24.95

…

Ultralast UL-NP60 Camcorder/Digital Camera Battery Equivalent to Fuji NP-60

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Ultralast UL-NP60 FujiFilm NP 60 Equivalent Digital Camera Battery 1200mAh…

Sigma 17-35mm f/2.8-4 EX DG IF Aspherical Super Wide Angle Zoom Lens + Hoya 77mm UV Haze Protector Glass Filter + 6-Piece Cleaning Kit + Spudz Microfiber Cleaning Cloth – for Pentax Digital & Film AF SLR Cameras including ZX-5, ZX-7, ZX-30, *ist, *istD, *ist Ds, *istDs2, *istDL, K10D, K100D & K110D

Kit includes: 1) Sigma 17-35mm EX DG IF Aspherical Zoom Lens; 2) 6-Piece Cleaning Kit; 3) Sigma Spudz Microfiber Cleaning Cloth; 4) Hoya 77mm UV Protector Filter. &diams; Sigma 17-35mm Lens includes: Front & Rear Lens Caps; Lens Hood; Instructions; Sigma USA Warranty. &diams; The Sigma 17-35mm has an internal focusing system which eliminates front lens rotation. This makes it easy to use with circ…

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USB Type A Male to Micro 8-Pin Male Cable

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Mini Battery Charger for Fuji NP-40, NP-60, NP-95, NP-120 Batteries – with fold-in wall plug, car & EU adapters

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This mini battery charger is specially designed to charge the Fuji NP120 battery. Its small size will make it easy to travel with. Just plug it right into the wall, no wires to carry or trip over. Included is an adapter for European outlets, as well as an AC/DC adapter to enable using the battery charger while in the car.
Battery charger is 100% OEM Compatible
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Understanding Flash Photography: How to Shoot Great Photographs Using Electronic Flash

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Brother Odd

Brother Odd

X Factor 3 Preview – The MacDonald Brothers

The MacDonald Brothers
Manager – Louis Walsh
Odds – 80/1 (Outright), 8/1 (Group Winners)

The MacDonald Brothers, Craig at 20 and Brian at 19, are bound to draw comparison from Journey South of last series, but unlike the band that finished in third place, the MacDonald Brothers are up against it early on.

The duo from Ayr in Scotland are rank outsiders to win both the X Factor outright and to do the best out of their group. Their performance on the first live show of ‘Three Times a Lady’ was not met with much enthusiasm by the judges but they escaped finishing in the dreaded bottom two on the night.

The brothers live with their parents and have a half brother from their father’s previous relationship. Their father is one of their biggest influences and taught the boys how to sing and perform. He performed in a band in the past although their mother is not musical at all.

The MacDonald Brothers have sang and played the accordion and fiddle together since they were young children and performed at a school talent contest competition in a Queen tribute band called Cobra. It was then they realised that singing was their passion.

They have taken performing seriously for the past three years, singing at clubs, weddings and some backing vocals work and one of their biggest performances as The MacDonald Brothers was in front of Hugh Grant at the Ceilidh Dance.

Brian lists his musical influences as Eric Clapton, Phil Collins and Metallica while Craig names Elton John, George Michael, Muse and the Scissor Sisters. Craig’s favourite song is Queen’s ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ while Brian names ‘By The Way’ by The Red Hot Chilli Peppers.

The boys are grateful to reach the final 12 of the X Factor and reflected on some of the less enjoyable jobs they have endured in the past. Craig took a year out because Brian was a year below him at school and rather than go to university at Prestwick Academy immediately, he worked at the Royal Bank of Scotland. However, he names the worst job he had was in an ice cream parlour in Ayr.

Brian’s worst experience in the world of work was as an administrator which saw him stare at a computer screen from 9 to 5 with no opportunities for progression or do anything different.

Should they beat the bookmakers odds and progress in the competition, their ambition is to buy a Lotus, which they describe as the car of their dreams.

About the Author

David Walker runs
The MacDonald Brothers
and
free bets
websites.

Seal

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A far deeper, more enduring outing than his spectacular 1991 debut. Producer Trevor Horn calls on a cast of dozens (including Joni Mitchell who duets on the lovely “If I Could” and the ubiquitous Jeff Beck) and channels his famous, over-the-top tendencies into a sumptious bed of sound that makes Tears for Fears sound minimal. Soulful first single “Prayer for the Dying” will set the pace, while “Ki…

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300 [Blu-ray]

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Visioneer Xp 100

Visioneer Xp 100

Visioneer Strobe XP 100 Mobile 600 DPI USB Scanner with One Touch Technology (SXP1001-DB)

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Visioneer Strobe XP 200 Sheetfed scanner (Windows)

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Brother 560

Brother 560

Falklands War

Lead-up to the conflict

Main article: Events leading to the Falklands War

In the period leading up to the war, and especially following the transfer of power between military dictators General Jorge Rafael Videla and General Roberto Eduardo Viola in late-March 1981, Argentina had been in the midst of a devastating economic crisis and large-scale civil unrest against the military junta that had been governing the country since 1976. In December 1981 there was a further change in the Argentine military regime bringing to office a new junta headed by General Leopoldo Galtieri (acting president), Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo and Admiral Jorge Anaya. Anaya would be the main architect and supporter of a military solution for the long standing claim over the islands, calculating that the United Kingdom would never respond militarily. In doing so the Galtieri government hoped to mobilise Argentines’ long-standing patriotic feelings towards the islands and thus divert public attention from the country’s chronic economic problems and the regime’s ongoing human rights violations. Such action would also bolster its dwindling legitimacy. The newspaper La Prensa speculated in a step-by-step plan beginning with cutting off supplies to the Islands, ending in direct actions late 1982, if the UN talks were fruitless.

The ongoing tension between the two countries over the islands increased on 19 March when a group of hired Argentine scrap metal merchants raised the Argentine flag at South Georgia, an act that would later be seen as the first offensive action in the war. The Argentine military junta, suspecting that the UK would reinforce its South Atlantic Forces, ordered the invasion of the Falkland Islands to be brought forward to 2 April.

Admiral Jorge Anaya

Britain was initially taken by surprise by the Argentine attack on the South Atlantic islands, despite repeated warnings by Royal Navy captain Nicholas Barker and others. Barker believed that the intention expressed in Defence Secretary John Nott’s 1981 review to withdraw the Royal Navy ship HMS Endurance, Britain’s only naval presence in the South Atlantic, sent a signal to the Argentines that Britain was unwilling, and would soon be unable, to defend her territories and subjects in the Falklands.

War

Invasion by Argentina

Main article: 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands

Main article: Invasion of South Georgia

On 2 April 1982, Argentine forces mounted amphibious landings of the Falkland Islands, following the civilian occupation of South Georgia on March 19, before the Falklands War began. The invasion met a nominal defence organised by the Falkland Islands’ Governor Sir Rex Hunt giving command to Major Mike Norman of the Royal Marines, the landing of Lieutenant Commander Guillermo Sanchez-Sabarots’ Amphibious Commandos Group, the attack on Moody Brook barracks, the engagement between the troops of Hugo Santillan and Bill Trollope at Stanley, and the final engagement and surrender at Government House.

Initial British response to the invasion

HMS Invincible was a part of the task force.

Word of the invasion apparently first reached Britain via amateur radio.

The retaking of the Falkland Islands was considered extremely difficult: the main constraint was the disparity in deployable air cover (the British having 34 Harrier aircraft against Argentina’s 220 jet fighters). The U.S. Navy considered a successful counter-invasion by the British to be ‘a military impossibility’. The United States initially tried to mediate an end to the conflict. However, when Argentina refused the U.S. peace overtures, U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig announced that the United States would prohibit arms sales to Argentina and provide material support for British operations. Both Houses of the U.S. Congress passed resolutions supporting the U.S. action siding with the United Kingdom.

By mid-April, the Royal Air Force had set up an airbase at Wideawake on the mid-Atlantic British overseas territory of Ascension Island, including a sizable force of Avro Vulcan B Mk 2 bombers, Handley Page Victor K Mk 2 refuelling aircraft, and McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR Mk 2 fighters to protect them. Meanwhile the main British naval task force arrived at Ascension to prepare for active service. A small force had already been sent south to recapture South Georgia.

Encounters began in April; the British Task Force was shadowed by Boeing 707 aircraft of the Argentine Air Force during their travel to the south FAA map. Several of these flights were intercepted by BAE Sea Harriers outside the British-imposed exclusion zone; the unarmed 707s were not attacked because diplomatic moves were still in progress and the UK had not yet decided to commit itself to armed force. On 23 April a Brazilian commercial Douglas DC-10 from VARIG Airlines en route to South Africa was intercepted by British Harriers who visually identified the civilian plane.

Recapture of South Georgia and the attack on the Santa Fe

The South Georgia force, Operation Paraquet, under the command of Major Guy Sheridan RM, consisted of Marines from 42 Commando, a troop of the Special Air Service (SAS) and Special Boat Service (SBS) troops who were intended to land as reconnaissance forces for an invasion by the Royal Marines. All were embarked on RFA Tidespring. First to arrive was the Churchill-class submarine HMS Conqueror on 19 April, and the island was over-flown by a radar-mapping Handley Page Victor on 20 April.

The first landings of SAS troops took place on 21 April, butith the southern hemisphere autumn setting inhe weather was so bad that their landings and others made the next day were all withdrawn after two helicopters crashed in fog on Fortuna Glacier. On 23 April, a submarine alert was sounded and operations were halted, with the Tidespring being withdrawn to deeper water to avoid interception. On 24 April, the British forces regrouped and headed in to attack.

On 25 April, after resupplying the Argentine garrison in South Georgia, the submarine ARA Santa Fe was spotted on the surface by a Westland Wessex HAS Mk 3 helicopter from HMS Antrim, which attacked the Argentine submarine with depth charges. HMS Plymouth launched a Westland Wasp HAS.Mk.1 helicopter, and HMS Brilliant launched a Westland Lynx HAS Mk 2. The Lynx launched a torpedo, and strafed the submarine with its pintle-mounted General Purpose Machine Gun; the Wessex also fired on the Santa Fe with its GPMG. The Wasp from HMS Plymouth as well as two other Wasps launched from HMS Endurance fired AS-12 ASM antiship missiles at the submarine, scoring hits. Santa Fe was damaged badly enough to prevent her from submerging. The crew abandoned the submarine at the jetty at King Edward Point on South Georgia.

With the Tidespring now far out to sea and the Argentine forces augmented by the submarine’s crew, Major Sheridan decided to gather the 76 men he had and make a direct assault that day. After a short forced march by the British troops, the Argentine forces surrendered without resistance. The message sent from the naval force at South Georgia to London was, “Be pleased to inform Her Majesty that the White Ensign flies alongside the Union Jack in South Georgia. God Save the Queen.” Prime Minister Thatcher broke the news to the media, telling them to “Just rejoice at that news!”

Black Buck raids

Main article: Operation Black Buck

RAF Avro Vulcan B.Mk.2 strategic bomber.

On 1 May British operations on the Falklands opened with the “Black Buck 1″ attack (of a series of five) on the airfield at Stanley. The overall effect of the raids on the war is difficult to determine, and the raids consumed precious tanker resources. The raids did minimal damage to the runway and damage to radars was quickly repaired. Commonly dismissed as post-war propaganda, Argentine sources were originally the source of claims that the Vulcan raids influenced Argentina to withdraw some of its Mirage IIIs from Southern Argentina to the Buenos Aires Defence Zone. This dissuasive effect was however watered down when British officials made clear that there would be no strikes on air bases in Argentina.

Of the five Black Buck raids, three were against Stanley Airfield, with the other two anti-radar missions using Shrike anti-radiation missiles.

Escalation of the air war

Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Sea Harrier FRS1. The flamboyant paint scheme was altered to a duller one en route South.

The Falklands had only three airfields. The longest and only paved runway was at the capital, Stanley, and even it was too short to support fast jets. Therefore, the Argentines were forced to launch their major strikes from the mainland, severely hampering their efforts at forward staging, combat air patrols and close air support over the islands. The effective loiter time of incoming Argentine aircraft was low, and they were later compelled to overfly British forces in any attempt to attack the islands.

The first major Argentine strike force comprised 36 aircraft (McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawks, Israel Aircraft Industries Daggers, English Electric B Mk 62 Canberras, and Dassault Mirage III escorts), and was sent on 1 May, in the belief that the British invasion was imminent or landings had already taken place. Only a section of Grupo 6 (flying IAI Dagger aircraft) found ships, which were firing at Argentine defences near the islands. The Daggers managed to attack the ships and return safely. This greatly boosted morale of the Argentine pilots, who now knew they could survive an attack against modern warships, protected by radar ground clutter from the Islands and by using a late pop-up profile.

Meanwhile, other Argentine aircraft were intercepted by BAE Sea Harriers operating from HMS Invincible. A Dagger and a Canberra were shot down.

Argentine Air Force Mirage IIIEA. Their lack of aerial refuelling capability prevented them from being used effectively over the islands in the air-air role.

Combat broke out between Sea Harrier FRS Mk 1 fighters of No. 801 Naval Air Squadron and Mirage III fighters of Grupo 8. Both sides refused to fight at the other’s best altitude, until two Mirages finally descended to engage. One was shot down by an AIM-9L Sidewinder air-to-air missile (AAM), while the other escaped but was damaged and without enough fuel to return to its mainland air base. The plane made for Stanley, where it fell victim to friendly fire from the Argentine defenders.

As a result of this experience, Argentine Air Force staff decided to employ A-4 Skyhawks and Daggers only as strike units, the Canberras only during the night, and Mirage IIIs (without air refuelling capability or any capable AAM) as decoys to lure away the British Sea Harriers. The decoying would be later extended with the formation of the Escuadron Fenix, a squadron of civilian jets flying 24 hours-a-day simulating strike aircraft preparing to attack the fleet. On one of these flights, an Air Force Learjet was shot down, killing the squadron commander, Vice Commodore Rodolfo De La Colina, the highest-ranking Argentine officer to die in the war.

A Royal Navy Sea King helicopter rescues Sqn Ldr Jerry Pook, after he was forced to bail out over the sea. His GR3 Harrier had been hit by ground fire west of Stanley on May 30.

Stanley was used as an Argentine strongpoint throughout the conflict. Despite the Black Buck and Harrier raids on Stanley airfield (no fast jets were stationed there for air defence) and overnight shelling by detached ships, it was never out of action entirely. Stanley was defended by a mixture of Surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems (Franco-German Roland and British Tigercat) and Swiss-built Oerlikon 35 mm twin anti-aircraft cannons. Lockheed Hercules transport night flights brought supplies, weapons, vehicles, and fuel, and airlifted out the wounded up until the end of the conflict. The few RN Sea Harriers were considered too valuable by day to risk in night-time blockade operations, and their Blue Fox radar was not an effective look-down over land radar.

The only Argentine Hercules shot down by the British was lost on 1 June when TC-63 was intercepted by a Sea Harrier in daylight when it was searching for the British fleet north-east of the islands after the Argentine Navy retired its last SP-2H Neptune due to airframe attrition.

Various options to attack the home base of the five Argentine Etendards at Ro Grande were examined and discounted (Operation Mikado), subsequently five Royal Navy submarines lined up, submerged, on the edge of Argentina 12-mile territorial limit to provide early warning of bombing raids on the British task force

Sinking of Belgrano

See also: Sinking of ARA General Belgrano

The ARA General Belgrano, sinking.

Two separate British naval task forces (surface vessels and submarines) and the Argentine fleet were operating in the neighbourhood of the Falklands, and soon came into conflict. The first naval loss was the World War II vintage Argentine light cruiser ARA General Belgrano. The nuclear-powered submarine HMS Conqueror sank Belgrano on 2 May. Three hundred and twenty-three members of Belgrano’s crew died in the incident. Over 700 men were rescued from the open ocean despite cold seas and stormy weather. The losses from Belgrano totalled just over half of the Argentine deaths in the Falklands conflict and the loss of the ARA General Belgrano hardened the stance of the Argentine government.

Regardless of controversies over the sinking, it had a crucial strategic effect: the elimination of the Argentine naval threat. After her loss, the entire Argentine fleet, with the exception of the conventional submarine ARA San Luis, returned to port and did not leave again for the duration of hostilities. The two escorting destroyers and the battle group centred on the aircraft carrier ARA Veinticinco de Mayo both withdrew from the area, ending the direct threat to the British fleet that their pincer movement had represented.

In a separate incident later that night, British forces engaged an Argentine patrol gunboat, the ARA Alferez Sobral. At the time, the Alferez Sobral was searching for the crew of the Argentine Air Force English Electric Canberra light bomber shot down on 1 May. Two Royal Navy Lynxes fired four Sea Skua missiles against her. Badly damaged and with eight crew dead, the Sobral managed to return to Puerto Deseado two days later, but the Canberra’s crew were never found.

Initial reports conflated the two incidents, contributing to confusion about the number of casualties and the identity of the vessel that sank. The British tabloid newspaper The Sun greeted the initial reports of the attack with the headline “GOTCHA”. This first edition was published before news was known that the Belgrano had actually sunk (reporting instead, erroneously, that the gunboat had sunk) and carried no reports of actual Argentine deaths. The headline was replaced in later editions by the slightly more tempered “Did 1,200 Argies drown?”.

Sinking of HMS Sheffield

See also: Sinking of HMS Sheffield

French-built Super Etendard of the Argentine Naval Aviation.

On 4 May, two days after the sinking of Belgrano, the British lost the Type 42 destroyer HMS Sheffield to fire following an Exocet missile strike. Sheffield had been ordered forward with two other Type 42s to provide a long-range radar and medium-high altitude missile picket far from the British carriers. She was struck amidships, with devastating effect, ultimately killing 20 crew members and severely injuring 24 others. The ship was abandoned several hours later, gutted and deformed by the fires that continued to burn for six more days. She finally sank outside the Maritime Exclusion Zone on 10 May.

The incident is described in detail by Admiral Sandy Woodward in his book One Hundred Days, Chapter One. Woodward was a former commanding officer of Sheffield.

The tempo of operations increased throughout the second half of May as United Nations attempts to mediate a peace were rejected by the British, who felt that any delay would make a campaign impractical in the South Atlantic storms. The destruction of Sheffield had a profound impact on the British public, bringing home the fact that the “Falklands Crisis”, as the BBC News put it, was now an actual “shooting war”.

SAS operations

British propaganda leaflet intended for Argentine soldiers dropped during the Falkland Islands War. Titled “Islands of the Condemned,” it warns Argentine naval ships and aircraft not to enter the Falkland Islands exclusion zone.

Given the threat to the British fleet posed by the Etendard-Exocet combination, plans were made to use Special Air Service troops to attack the home base of the five Etendards at Ro Grande, Tierra del Fuego. The operation was code named “Mikado”. The aim was to destroy the missiles and the aircraft that carried them, and to kill the pilots in their quarters. Two plans were drafted and underwent preliminary rehearsal: a landing by approximately fifty-five SAS in two C-130 Hercules aircraft directly on the runway at Rio Grande; and infiltration of twenty-four SAS by inflatable boats brought within a few miles of the coast by submarine. Neither plan was implemented; the earlier airborne assault plan attracted considerable hostility from some members of the SAS, who considered the proposed raid a suicide mission. Ironically, the Rio Grande area would be defended by four full-strength battalions of Marine Infantry of the Argentine Marine Corps of the Argentine Navy some of whose officers were trained in the UK by the SBS years earlier.

After the war, Argentine marine commanders admitted that they were waiting for some kind of landing by SAS forces but never expected a Hercules to land directly on their runways, although they would have pursued British forces even into Chilean territory if they were attacked.

An SAS reconnaissance team was dispatched to carry out preparations for a seaborne infiltration. A Westland Sea King helicopter carrying the assigned team took off from HMS Invincible on the night of 17 May, but bad weather forced it to land 50 miles (80 km) from its target, and the mission was aborted. The pilot flew to Chile and dropped off the SAS team, before setting fire to his helicopter and surrendering to the Chilean authorities. The discovery of the burnt-out helicopter attracted considerable international attention at the time.

On 14 May the SAS carried out the raid on Pebble Island at the Falklands, where the Argentine Navy had taken over a grass airfield for FMA IA 58 Pucar light ground attack aircraft and T-34 Mentors. The raid destroyed the aircraft there.

Landing at San Carlos Bomb Alley

Main article: Operation Sutton

Context of landings in the Falklands.

San Carlos landing sites.

An Argentine Air Force A-4C Skyhawk flying to the islands.

Gate guardian painted in the colours of the last A-4Q of the Argentine Navy to attack HMS Ardent. The pilot Lieutenant Marcelo Gustavo Mrquez was killed in action.

During the night on 21 May the British Amphibious Task Group under the command of Commodore Michael Clapp (Commodore, Amphibious Warfare – COMAW) mounted Operation Sutton, the amphibious landing on beaches around San Carlos Water, on the northwestern coast of East Falkland facing onto Falkland Sound. The bay, known as Bomb Alley by British forces, was the scene of repeated air attacks by low-flying Argentine jets.

The 4,000 men of 3 Commando Brigade were put ashore as follows: 2nd battalion of the Parachute Regiment (2 Para) from the RORO ferry Norland and 40 Commando (Royal Marines) from the amphibious ship HMS Fearless were landed at San Carlos (Blue Beach), 3 Para from the amphibious ship HMS Intrepid were landed at Port San Carlos (Green Beach) and 45 Commando from RFA Stromness were landed at Ajax Bay (Red Beach). Notably the waves of 8 LCUs and 8 LCVPs were led by Major Ewen Southby-Tailyour who had commanded the Falklands detachment only a year previously. 42 Commando on the ocean liner SS Canberra was a tactical reserve. Units from the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers etc. and tanks were also put ashore with the landing craft, the Round table class LSL and mexeflote barges. Rapier missile launchers were carried as underslung loads of Sea Kings for rapid deployment.

By dawn the next day they had established a secure beachhead from which to conduct offensive operations. From there Brigadier Thompson’s plan was to capture Darwin and Goose Green before turning towards Port Stanley. Now, with the British troops on the ground, the Argentine Air Force began the night bombing campaign against them using Canberra bomber planes until the last day of the war (14 June).

At sea, the paucity of the British ships’ anti-aircraft defences was demonstrated in the sinking of HMS Ardent on 21 May, HMS Antelope on 21 May, and MV Atlantic Conveyor (struck by two AM39 Exocets) on 25 May along with a vital cargo of helicopters, runway-building equipment and tents. The loss of all but one of the Chinook helicopters being carried by the Atlantic Conveyor was a severe blow from a logistics perspective. Also lost on this day was HMS Coventry, a sister to HMS Sheffield, whilst in company with HMS Broadsword after being ordered to act as decoy to draw away Argentinian aircraft from other ships at San Carlos Bay. HMS Argonaut and HMS Brilliant were badly damaged. However, many British ships escaped terminal damage because of the Argentine pilots’ bombing tactics.

To avoid the highest concentration of British air defences, Argentine pilots released ordnance from very low altitude, and hence their bomb fuzes did not have sufficient time to arm before impact. The low release of the retarded bombs (some of which had been sold to the Argentines by the British years earlier) meant that many never exploded, as there was insufficient time in the air for them to arm themselves. A simple free-fall bomb will, during a low altitude release, impact almost directly below the aircraft which is then within the lethal fragmentation zone of the resulting explosion. A retarded bomb has a small parachute or air brake that opens to reduce the speed of the bomb to produce a safe separation between the two. The fuze for a retarded bomb requires a minimum time over which the retarder is open to ensure safe separation. The pilots would have been aware of this, but due to the high concentration levels required to avoid SAMs and AAA, as well as any British Sea Harriers, many failed to climb to the necessary release point. The problem was solved by the improvised fitting of retarding devices, allowing low-level bombing attacks as employed on 8 June.

In his autobiographical account of the Falklands War, Admiral Woodward blames the BBC World Service for these changes to the bombs. The World Service reported the lack of detonations after receiving a briefing on the matter from a Ministry of Defence official. He describes the BBC as being more concerned with being “fearless seekers after truth” than with the lives of British servicemen. Colonel ‘H’. Jones levelled similar accusations against the BBC after they disclosed the impending British attack on Goose Green by 2 Para. Jones had threatened to lead the prosecution of senior BBC officials for treason but was unable to do so since he was himself killed in action around Goose Green.

Thirteen bombs hit British ships without detonating. Lord Craig, the retired Marshal of the Royal Air Force, is said to have remarked: “Six better fuses [sic] and we would have lost” although Ardent and Antelope were both lost despite the failure of bombs to explode. The fuzes were functioning correctly, and the bombs were simply released from too low an altitude. The Argentines lost 22 aircraft in the attacks.

Battle of Goose Green

East Falkland showing San Carlos bridgehead, Teal Inlet, Mt Kent and Mt Challenger.

Main article: Battle of Goose Green

From early on 27 May until 28 May, 2 Para, (approximately 500 men) with artillery support from 8 (Alma) Commando Battery (Royal Artillery), approached and attacked Darwin and Goose Green, which was held by the Argentine 12th Infantry Regiment. After a tough struggle that lasted all night and into the next day, 17 British and 47 Argentine soldiers were killed. In total 961 Argentine troops (including 202 Argentine Air Force personnel of the Condor airfield) were taken prisoners.

The BBC announced the taking of Goose Green on the BBC World Service before it had actually happened. It was during this attack that Lieutenant Colonel H. Jones, the commanding officer of 2 Para was killed while charging into the well-prepared Argentine positions at the head of his battalion. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.

With the sizeable Argentine force at Goose Green out of the way, British forces were now able to break out of the San Carlos bridgehead. On 27 May, men of 45 Cdo and 3 Para started a loaded march across East Falkland towards the coastal settlement of Teal Inlet.

Special forces on Mount Kent

Meanwhile, 42 Commando prepared to move by helicopter to Mount Kent. Unknown to senior British officers, the Argentine generals were determined to tie down the British troops in the Mount Kent area, and on 27 May and 28 May they sent transport aircraft loaded with Blowpipe surface-to-air missiles and commandos (602nd Commando Company and 601st National Gendarmerie Special Forces Squadron) to Stanley. This operation was known as Operation AUTOIMPUESTA (Self-Determination-Initiative).

For the next week, the Special Air Service (SAS) and Mountain and Arctic Warfare Cadre of 3 Commando Brigade waged intense patrol battles with patrols of the volunteers’ 602nd Commando Company under Major Aldo Rico, normally 2IC of the 22nd Mountain Infantry Regiment. Throughout 30 May, Royal Air Force Harriers were active over Mount Kent. One of them Harrier XZ 963 flown by Squadron Leader Jerry Pook in responding to a call for help from D Squadron, attacked Mount Kent’s eastern lower slopes, and that led to its loss through small-arms fire. Pook was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Entrenched Argentine soldiers.

The Argentine Navy used their last AM39 Exocet missile attempting to attack HMS Invincible on 30 May. There are claims the missile struck, however the British have denied this, some citing that HMS Avenger shot it down.

On the 31 May, the Royal Marines Mountain and Arctic Warfare Cadre (M&AWC) defeated Argentine Special Forces at the Battle of Top Malo House. A 13-strong Argentine Army Commando detachment (Captain Jose Vercesi’s 1st Assault Section, 602nd Commando Company) found itself trapped in a small shepherd’s house at Top Malo. The Argentine commandos fired from windows and doorways and then took refuge in a stream bed 200 metres (700 ft) from the burning house. Completely surrounded, they fought 19 M&AWC marines under Captain Rod Boswell for forty-five minutes until, with their ammunition almost exhausted, they elected to surrender.

Three Cadre members were badly wounded. On the Argentine side there were two dead including Lieutenant Ernesto Espinoza and Sergeant Mateo Sbert (who were decorated for their bravery). Only five Argentines were left unscathed. As the British mopped up Top Malo House, down from Malo Hill came Lieutenant Fraser Haddow’s M&AWC patrol, brandishing a large Union Flag. One wounded Argentine soldier, Lieutenant Horacio Losito, commented that their escape route would have taken them through Haddow’s position.

Major Mario Castagneto’s 601st Commandos tried to move forward on Kawasaki motorbikes and commandeered Land Rovers to rescue 602nd Commando Company on Estancia Mountain. Spotted by 42 Commando of the Royal Marines, they were engaged with 81mm mortars and forced to withdraw to Two Sisters mountain. Captain Eduardo Villarruel on Estancia Mountain realised his position had become untenable and after conferring with fellow officers ordered a withdrawal.

The Argentine operation also saw the extensive use of helicopter support to position and extract patrols; the 601st Combat Aviation Battalion also suffered casualties. At about 11.00 a.m. on 30 May, an Aerospatiale SA-330 Puma helicopter was brought down by a shoulder-launched Stinger surface-to-air missile (SAM) fired by the SAS in the vicinity of Mount Kent. Six National Gendarmerie Special Forces were killed and eight more wounded in the crash.

As Brigadier Julian Thompson commented, “It was fortunate that I had ignored the views expressed by Northwood that reconnaissance of Mount Kent before insertion of 42 Commando was superfluous. Had D Squadron not been there, the Argentine Special Forces would have caught the Commando before deplaning and, in the darkness and confusion on a strange landing zone, inflicted heavy casualties on men and helicopters.”

Bluff Cove and Fitzroy

Main article: Bluff Cove Disaster

The abandoned hulk of RFA Sir Tristram in Fitzroy.

By 1 June, with the arrival of a further 5,000 British troops of the 5th Infantry Brigade, the new British divisional commander, Major General Jeremy Moore RM, had sufficient force to start planning an offensive against Stanley.[citation needed]

During this build-up, the Argentine air assaults on the British naval forces continued, killing 56. Of the dead, 32 were from the Welsh Guards on RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram on 8 June. According to Surgeon-Commander Rick Jolly of the Falklands Field Hospital, more than 150 men suffered burns and injuries of some kind in the attack, including, famously, Simon Weston.

The Guards were sent to support a dashing advance along the southern approach to Stanley. On 2 June a small advance party of 2 Para moved to Swan Inlet house in a number of Army Westland Scout helicopters. Telephoning ahead to Fitzroy, they discovered the area clear of Argentines and (exceeding their authority) commandeered the one remaining RAF Chinook helicopter to frantically ferry another contingent of 2 Para ahead to Fitzroy (a settlement on Port Pleasant) and Bluff Cove (a settlement confusingly, and perhaps ultimately fatally, on Port Fitzroy).

This uncoordinated advance caused planning nightmares for the commanders of the combined operation, as they now found themselves with a 30 miles (48 km) string of indefensible positions on their southern flank. Support could not be sent by air as the single remaining Chinook was already heavily oversubscribed. The soldiers could march, but their equipment and heavy supplies would need to be ferried by sea. Plans were drawn up for half the Welsh Guards to march light on the night of 2 June, whilst the Scots Guards and the second half of the Welsh Guards were to be ferried from San Carlos Water in the Landing Ship Logistics (LSL) Sir Tristram and the landing platform dock (LPD) Intrepid on the night of 5 June. Intrepid was planned to stay one day and unload itself and as much of Sir Tristram as possible, leaving the next evening for the relative safety of San Carlos. Escorts would be provided for this day, after which Sir Tristram would be left to unload using a Mexeflote (a powered raft) for as long as it took to finish.

Political pressure from above to not risk the LPD forced Commodore Clapp to alter this plan. Two lower-value LSLs would be sent, but without suitable beaches on which to land, Intrepid’s landing craft would need to accompany them to unload. A complicated operation across several nights with Intrepid and her sister ship Fearless sailing half-way to dispatch their craft was devised. The attempted overland march by half the Welsh Guards failed, possibly as they refused to march light and attempted to carry their equipment. They returned to San Carlos and were landed directly at Bluff Cove when Fearless dispatched her landing craft. Sir Tristram sailed on the night of 6 June and was joined by Sir Galahad at dawn on 7 June. Anchored 1,200 feet (370 m) apart in Port Pleasant, the landing ships were near Fitzroy, the designated landing point.

The landing craft should have been able to unload the ships to that point relatively quickly, but confusion over the ordered disembarcation point (the first half of the Guards going direct to Bluff Cove) resulted in the senior Welsh Guards infantry officer aboard insisting his troops be ferried the far longer distance directly to Port Fitzroy/Bluff Cove. The alternative was for the infantrymen to march via the recently repaired Bluff Cove bridge (destroyed by retreating Argentine combat engineers) to their destination, a journey of around seven miles (11 km).

On Sir Galahad’s stern ramp there was an argument about what to do. The officers on board were told they could not sail to Bluff Cove that day. They were told they had to get their men off ship and onto the beach as soon as possible as the ships were vulnerable to enemy aircraft. It would take 20 minutes to transport the men to shore using the LCU and Mexeflote. They would then have the choice to walk the 7 miles to Bluff Cove or wait until dark to sail there. The officers on board said they would remain on board until dark and then sail. They refused to take their men off the ship. They possibly doubted that the bridge had been repaired due to the presence on board Sir Galahad of the Royal Engineer Troop whose job it was to repair the bridge. The Welsh Guards were keen to rejoin the rest of their Battalion who were potentially facing the enemy without their support. They had also not seen any enemy aircraft since landing at San Carlos and may have been over confident in the air defences. Ewen Southby-Tailyour gave a direct order for the men to leave the ship and go to the beach. The order was ignored.

The longer journey time of the landing craft taking the troops directly to Bluff Cove and the squabbling over how the landing was to be performed caused enormous delay in unloading. This had disastrous consequences. Without escorts, having not yet established their air defence, and still almost fully laden, the two LSLs in Port Pleasant were sitting targets for two waves of Argentine A-4 Skyhawks.

The disaster at Port Pleasant (although often known as Bluff Cove) would provide the world with some of the most sobering images of the war as TV news video footage showed Navy helicopters hovering in thick smoke to winch survivors from the burning landing ships. British casualties were 48 killed and 115 wounded. 3 Argentine pilots were also killed. However, Argentine General Mario Menendez, commander of Argentine forces in the Falklands, was told that 900 British soldiers had died. He expected that the losses would cause enemy morale to drop and the British assault to stall.

The Fall of Stanley

British paratroopers guard Argentine prisoners of war cleaning up Port Stanley.

Notable battles:

Battle of Mount Harriet

Battle of Mount Longdon

Battle of Wireless Ridge

Battle of Mount Tumbledown

Battle of Two Sisters

On the night of 11 June after several days of painstaking reconnaissance and logistic build-up, British forces launched a brigade-sized night attack against the heavily defended ring of high ground surrounding Stanley. Units of 3 Commando Brigade, supported by naval gunfire from several Royal Navy ships, simultaneously assaulted in the Battle of Mount Harriet, Battle of Two Sisters, and Battle of Mount Longdon. Mount Harriet was taken at a cost of 2 British and 18 Argentine soldiers. At Two Sisters, the British faced both enemy resistance and friendly fire, but managed to capture their objectives. The toughest battle was at Mount Longdon. British forces were bogged down by assault rifle, mortar, machine gun, artillery fire, sniper fire, and ambushes. Despite this, the British continued their advance.

During this battle, 13 were killed when HMS Glamorgan, straying too close to shore while returning from the gun line, was struck by an improvised trailer-based Exocet MM38 launcher taken from ARA Segu destroyer by Argentine Navy technicians. On this day, Sgt Ian McKay of 4 Platoon, B Company, 3 Para died in a grenade attack on an Argentine bunker, which earned him a posthumous Victoria Cross. After a night of fierce fighting, all objectives were secured. Both sides suffered heavy losses.

The night of 13 June saw the start of the second phase of attacks, in which the momentum of the initial assault was maintained. 2 Para with tank support captured Wireless Ridge at the Battle of Wireless Ridge, at a loss of 3 British and 25 Argentine dead, and the 2nd battalion, Scots Guards captured Mount Tumbledown at the Battle of Mount Tumbledown, which cost the British 10 dead and the Argentines 30 dead.

A pile of discarded Argentine weapons in Port Stanley.

With the last natural defence line at Mount Tumbledown breached, the Argentine town defences of Stanley began to falter. In the morning gloom, one company commander got lost and his junior officers became despondent. Private Santiago Carrizo of the 3rd Regiment described how a platoon commander ordered them to take up positions in the houses and “if a Kelper resists, shoot him”, but the entire company did nothing of the kind.

The commander of the Argentine garrison in Stanley, Brigade General Mario Menndez, surrendered to Major General Jeremy Moore. 9,800 Argentine troops were made prisoners of war and some 4,167 placed under the command of Major Carlos Eduardo Carrizo-Salvadores,were repatriated to Argentina on the ocean liner Canberra alone.

Surrender of Corbeta Uruguay

On 20 June the British retook the South Sandwich Islands, (which involved accepting the surrender of the Southern Thule Garrison at the Corbeta Uruguay base) and declared hostilities to be over. Argentina had established Corbeta Uruguay in 1976, but prior to 1982 the United Kingdom had contested the existence of the Argentine base only through diplomatic channels.

Casualties

‘Monumento a los Cados en Malvinas’ (Monument for the fallen on the Falkland Islands) in Plaza San Martn, Buenos Aires.

The Argentine Military Cemetery, on East Falkland.

San Carlos War Memorial and Cemetery, Falkland islands.

In total 907 were killed during the 74 days of the conflict:

Argentina – 649

Ejrcito Argentino (Army) – 194 (16 officers, 35 NCOs and 143 conscript privates)

Armada de la Repblica Argentina (Navy) – 341 (including 321 in Belgrano and 4 naval aviators)

IMARA ( Marines ) – 34

Fuerza Area Argentina (Air Force) – 55 (including 31 pilots and 14 ground crew)

Gendarmera Nacional Argentina (Border Guard) – 7

Prefectura Naval Argentina (Coast Guard) – 2

Civilian sailors – 16

United Kingdom – 258

Royal Navy – 86 + 2 Hong Kong laundrymen (see below)

Royal Marines – 27 (2 officers, 14 NCOs and 11 marines)

Royal Fleet Auxiliary – 4 + 4 Hong Kong laundrymen

Merchant Navy – 6 + 2 Hong Kong sailors

British Army – 123 (7 officers, 40 NCOs and 76 privates)

Royal Air Force – 1 (1 officer)

Falklands Islands civilians – 3 (3 women killed by friendly fire)

Of the 86 Royal Navy personnel, 22 were lost in HMS Ardent, 19 + 1 lost in HMS Sheffield, 18 + 1 lost in HMS Coventry and 13 lost in HMS Glamorgan. Fourteen naval cooks were among the dead, the largest number from any one branch in the Royal Navy.

Thirty-three of the British Army’s dead came from the Welsh Guards, 21 from the 3rd Battalion, the Parachute Regiment, 18 from the 2nd Battalion, the Parachute Regiment, 19 from the Special Air Service (SAS), 3 from Royal Signals and 8 from each of the Scots Guards and Royal Engineers.

As well as memorials on the islands, there is a memorial to the British war dead in the crypt of St Paul’s Cathedral, London. There is a memorial at Plaza San Martn in Buenos Aires for the Argentine war dead, another one in Rosario, and a third one in Ushuaia.

During the war, British dead were put into plastic body bags and buried in mass graves. After the war, the bodies were removed, given funeral services, and reburied. Argentine dead were buried on the islands during the war. The United Kingdom offered to send the bodies back to Argentina, but Argentina refused, knowing that the remains would ensure a continuing Argentine presence on the islands. There is a cemetery for Argentine dead on the islands.

There were 1,188 Argentine and 777 British non-fatal casualties. Further information about the field hospitals and hospital ships is at Ajax Bay, List of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy, HMS Hydra. On the Argentine side beside the Military Hospital at Port Stanley, the Argentine Air Force Mobile Field Hospital was deployed at Comodoro Rivadavia and the Argentine Navy ships ARA Almirante Irizar and ARA Bahia Paraiso were converted to Hospital ships

Although some have been cleared, a substantial number of minefields still exist in the islands, such as this one at Port William on East Falkland.

There are still 125 uncleared minefields on the Falkland Islands and UXOs are scattered all over the battle fields due to the soft peat ground. According to forcesmemorial.org.uk via Falklands 25′s “Official Commemorative Publication” 30 British servicemen have died on the islands since the end of the hostilities.

See also Argentine and British ground forces in the Falklands War

Aftermath

Main article: Aftermath of the Falklands War

This brief war brought many consequences for all the parties involved, besides the great loss of human life and materiel.

In the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher won the time and support she required for her economic measures to take effect, national pride received a big boost of confidence and assurance, the Royal Navy proved its value once more. Subsequently, Nott’s proposed cuts to the Royal Navy were abandoned.

The islanders subsequently had full British citizenship restored in 1983, their lifestyle was improved by investments Britain made after the war and the liberalisation of economic measures that had been stalled through fear of angering Argentina. In 1985, a new constitution was enacted promoting self-government, which has continued to devolve power to the islanders.

The war for Argentina also had an effect in the form of avoiding a possible war with Chile and, more importantly, the return of democracy. It had a major social impact, destroying the military image as the moral reserve of the nation that they had maintained through most of the 20th century.

Public relations

Argentina

Selected war correspondents were regularly flown to Port Stanley in military aircraft to report on the war. Back in Buenos Aires newspapers and magazines faithfully reported on “the heroic actions of the largely conscript army and its successes”.

Officers from the intelligence services were attached to the newspapers and ‘leaked’ information confirming the official communiqus from the government. The glossy magazines Gente and Siete Das swelled to sixty pages with colour photographs of British warships in flames – many of them faked – and bogus eyewitness reports of the Argentine commandos’ guerrilla war on South Georgia 6 May and an already dead Pucar pilot’s attack on HMS Hermes (Lt. Daniel Antonio Jukic had been killed at Goose Green during a British air strike on 1 May). Most of the faked photos actually came from the tabloid press.

The Argentine troops on the Falkland Islands could read Gaceta Argentina newspaper intended to boost the morale among the servicemen. Some of its untruths could easily be unveiled by the soldiers who recovered corpses.

The Malvinas course united the Argentines in a patriotic atmosphere that protected the junta from critics, and even opposers of the military government supported Galtieri; Ernesto Sabato said: “Don’t be mistaken, Europe; it is not a dictatorship who is fighting for the Malvinas, it is the whole Nation. Opposers of the military dictatorship, like me, are fighting to extirpate the last trace of colonialism.” Even the Madres de Plaza de Mayo were exposed to death threats from ordinary people.

HMS Invincible was repeatedly sunk in the Argentine press, and on 30 April 1982 the Argentine magazine Tal Cual showed UK’s PM Thatcher with an eyepatch and the text: Pirate, witch and assassin. Guilty!

Three British reporters sent to Argentina to cover the war from the ‘other side’ were jailed until the end of the war.

United Kingdom

The Sun’s “Gotcha” headline.

Seventeen newspaper reporters, two photographers, two radio reporters and three television reporters with five technicians sailed with the Task Force to the war. The Newspaper Publishers’ Association selected them from among 160 applicants, excluding foreign media. Due to the hasty departure, not all of them were “the right stuff”: two journalists on HMS Invincible were interested in nothing but Queen Elizabeth II’s son Prince Andrew.

Merchant vessels had the civilian Inmarsat uplink, which enabled written telex and voice report transmissions via satellite. Canberra had a facsimile machine that was used to upload 202 pictures from the South Atlantic over the course of the war. The Royal Navy leased bandwidth on the US Defense Satellite Communications System for worldwide communications. Television demands a thousand times the data rate of telephone, but the MoD was unsuccessful in convincing the US to allocate more bandwidth. TV producers suspected that the enquiry was half-hearted; since the Vietnam War television pictures of casualties and traumatised soldiers were recognised as having negative propaganda value. However the technology only allowed uploading a single frame per 20 minutes – and only if the military satellites were allocated 100 % to television transmissions. Videotapes were shipped to Ascension Island, where a broadband satellite uplink was available, resulting in TV coverage being delayed by three weeks.

The press was very dependent on the Royal Navy, and was censored on site. Many reporters in the UK knew more about the war than those with the Task Force.

The Royal Navy expected Fleet Street to conduct a World War Two style positive news campaign but the majority of the British media, especially the BBC, reported the war in a neutral fashion. These reporters referred to “the British troops” and “the Argentinian troops” instead of “our lads” and the dehumanised “Argies”. The two main tabloid papers presented opposing viewpoints: The Daily Mirror was decidedly anti-war, whilst The Sun became notorious for its jingoistic and xenophobic headlines, including the 20 April headline “Stick It Up Your Junta!”, and was condemned for the “Gotcha” headline following the sinking of the ARA General Belgrano.

Cultural impact

Main article: Cultural impact of the Falklands War

Newsweek magazine cover, 19 April 1982. HMS Hermes pictured.

There were wide-ranging influences on popular culture in both the UK and Argentina, from the immediate postwar period to the present. The words yomp and Exocet entered the British vernacular as a result of the war. The Falklands War also provided material for theatre, film and TV drama and influenced the output of musicians including (among others) Iron Maiden, Pink Floyd, New Order, Gang of Four, Joe Jackson, Crass, Dire Straits (the song Brothers in arms was played in memory of the dead soldiers), New Model Army, The Levellers, Steve Dahl, Latin Quarter, the Super Furry Animals, and Elvis Costello, whose song “Shipbuilding”, sung by Robert Wyatt, reached the British top 40.

Pentax Ucf Wp

Pentax Ucf Wp

Compact Sports Binoculars, Just Slip Into Your Pocket

Sporting events can sometimes be rather disappointing when you are so far away from the action that you just can’t see what is going on. Compact sports binoculars are the ideal solution to a difficult situation, never again will you miss the most important event of the day, just slip a pair of sports binoculars in your pocket and whip them out just when you need them. No hassle, nothing to carry around and no real extra weight.

Compact sports binoculars come in all sorts of shapes and sizes with quality brands such as Pentax, Bushnell and Nikon starting at around £50. Options include waterproof sports binoculars (ideal for marine use and all weather conditions), ultra compact models, ultra lightweight, extra wide (Bushnell), close focus, foldable and zoom binoculars.

Olympus make quite a few good little sports optics including the RC I ultra compact sports binoculars which are credit card size, when folded (only 9×6.5cm), the smallest binoculars in their class and are available in 8x and 10x magnification with multi-coated lenses. These binoculars are ideal for travel, theatre, concerts and sporting events.

If you are looking for the lightest possible pair of compact sports binoculars you might want to consider the Olympus DPC I series which are feather light at just 170g (the lightest in their class) or if you want stylish the Olympus PC I make excellent sports binoculars and come in a wide range of magnifications up to 12x or 10-30x zoom.

Nikon manufacture some excellent compact sports binoculars including the Sportstar EX series which are foldable, waterproof and lightweight with multi-coated lenses and a close focus distance of 2.5mtrs. Other Nikon options include the Nikon Travelite V series which are rubber armoured and come in up to 12x magnification plus 8-24x zoom and the Travelite EX series which a waterproof, with long eyerelief and of high eyepoint design making them suitable for spectacle wearers.

Celestron make compact sports binoculars small enough to fit into a purse (the Celestron Upclose series) which come with a lifetime warranty and a price tag of less than £50 and the Bushnell Xtra-Wide binoculars (both compact and mid-size) offer an amazingly wide field of view, twice that of normal binoculars, making them great for spectator sports.

Pentax specialise in compact sports binoculars with numerous options including the DCF MC II which come with high performance optics, high resolution phase-coated roof prisms and multi-coated lenses, also the central fast focusing Pentax UCF R series and the UCF Zoom II series which make excellent sports binoculars.

The Olympus WP I compact sport binoculars are built for extreme conditions, waterproof, nitrogen filled and sealed with fully multi-coated lenses, high quality Bak-4 prisms and another waterproof option is the Pentax UCF WP 8-16×21 with features such as a sophisticated internal focusing system (which contributes to the lightweight a compact size of the binoculars), high refraction Bak-4 prisms and multi-coated lenses.

Effectively the choice is enormous with so many options that it is often hard to choose. As with any optics the quality of compact sports binoculars is in the lenses although lens quality does have to be balanced with other personal essential features such as weight, size and zoom capabilities. Hopefully I’ve left you with enough options for you to make a choice so you have absolutely no excuse for going empty handed to that next all important sporting event.

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